Ⅰ. Taw qhia
Drip irrigation technology precisely tswj cov dej thiab chiv, tiv thaiv cov dej thiab chiv poob thiab av compaction teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm ib txwm dej nyab irrigation. Nws tsim ib qho chaw ruaj khov thiab tsim nyog loj hlob ib puag ncig rau cov hauv paus qoob loo, ua kom cov qoob loo nce ntxiv hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov qoob loo xws li nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab zaub. Nws kuj tseem txhim kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj uniformity, qab zib tsub zuj zuj, thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas zoo, txhim kho kev lag luam kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom ua liaj ua teb.
Cov zaub hauv tsev cog khoom siv drip irrigation technology ua tiav cov nyiaj tau los ntawm ib daim acre uas yog 45% siab dua li cov txheej txheem dej nyab.Qhov zoo ntawm drip irrigation muaj xws li:
Txo cov av noo nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj, nce av kub, thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob.
Kev txuag dej zoo thiab txhim kho kev siv chiv.
Txo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawg.
Tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm av -cov kab mob thiab nematodes.
Txhim kho av qauv, nce av permeability, thiab txo cov av compaction.
Txuag kev ua haujlwm thiab nce kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Phau ntawv qhia no yuav taug kev los ntawm tsib tus ncej ntawm kev ua tiav tsev cog khoom zaub fertilization. Thaum kawg, koj yuav muaj lub tswv yim tswv yim uas ua tau zoo rau koj txoj haujlwm.
Ⅱ. Installation thiab siv txoj kev ntawm Drip Irrigation
Tsev cog khoom drip irrigation khoom feem ntau muaj ob qhov chaw: lub taub hau dej thiab cov kav dej kav dej network.
⒈ Irrigation Head
Lub taub hau dej muaj xws li cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li cov twj tso kua dej, lub siab- tswj cov cuab yeej, lim, thiab tswj thiab ntsuas ntsuas. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw dej, cov lim dej centrifugal, cov xuab zeb thiab gravel lim, thiab cov lim disc raug xaiv nyob rau pem hauv ntej kawg kom ntseeg tau tias dej huv.
Daim duab qhia tau hais tias 130-mesh disc lim, uas yog cov khoom siv lim dej thib ob feem ntau tsim los tiv thaiv kev txhaws hauv cov drippers lossis nozzles. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam lub ntsuas dej lub koob, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txiav txim seb lub lim yog txhaws thiab xav tau kev tu. Txoj kev saib xyuas yooj yim no ua rau kev kho kom yooj yim dua.
⒉ Drip Irrigation Pipe Network System
Cov kav dej drip irrigation network feem ntau siv peb - theem network: cov yeeb nkab loj, ceg kav dej, thiab cov kav dej drip. Yog hais tias ib qho qoob loo cog rau hauv tsev cog khoom thiab cov dej tsis sib xws, yuav tsum muaj ob - theem network system, tsuas yog cov yeeb nkab loj thiab cov kav dej drip, yog qhov tsim nyog dua vim nws yooj yim rau kev khiav dej num.Drip irrigation yeeb nkab diameters feem ntau yog 14-16 mm, nrog ib tug nominal ndlwg ntawm . 1.0 thiab 3.0 L / h.
Cov kav dej drip dej feem ntau yog pw tom qab kev npaj av thiab ridging. Ib lub raj xa dej dej feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm txoj kab, los yog ob lub kav dej tau muab tso rau ntawm ob sab ntawm cov qoob loo, nyob ntawm qhov chaw cog qoob loo. Cov kav dej yuav tsum tau muab tso rau tib lub sijhawm thiab txuas nrog lub ntsiab lossis cov kav dej, tso cai rau cov dej ntws sib npaug ntawm cov kav dej.
⒊ Drip Irrigation Operation thiab Management Key Points
Tom qab lub irrigation system yog ntsia, muaj ob peb yam tseem ceeb kev xav txog kev siv:
⑴ Tsis txhob disassemble lub lim los yog nruab lwm yam khoom siv nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm yam tsis tau kev tso cai.
⑵ Lub tshuab lim dej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xyuas qhov ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov dej ntws thiab micro-sprinkler dej- txuag cov kav dej. Tsis tu ncua xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub lim dej thiab ntxuav lub lim lim hauv lub sijhawm. Yog tias lub vijtsam lim puas lawm, hloov tam sim ntawd.
⑶ Nyob ntawm cov dej zoo, tsis tu ncua xyuas thiab yaug cov kav dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov capillaries, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov av nkos hauv qhov system.
⑷ Tom qab tso cov kav dej raws li txoj kev npaj cog, ua ib qho kev sim dej los xyuas tias tsis muaj kab nrib pleb lossis puas tsuaj hauv cov kav dej loj, ceg kav dej, lossis cov kav dej capillary. Yog tias pom muaj kev puas tsuaj, hloov cov kav dej puas tam sim ntawd.
Ⅲ. Irrigation Plans for Common Vegetables
⒈ Txiv lws suav
Tom qab cog, irrigate ib zaug nrog ib tug seedling dej.
Thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm, irrigate txhua 7 hnub, nrog ib tug thov dej ntawm 6-7 m³ ib evkawj txhua zaus.
Thaum lub sij hawm cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, irrigate txhua 4-7 hnub, nrog rau kev siv dej ntawm 10-15 m³ ib evkawj.
Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsim nyog, kev siv dej kuj tuaj yeem coj los ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov dej evaporation los ntawm cov chaw huab cua sab nraum zoov.
Rau lub tsev cog khoom (lub tsev yas) cov txiv lws suav, tag nrho cov dej siv rau kev loj hlob tag nrho (4-6 lub hlis) yog 120-150 m³ ib acre.
⒉ Cucumber
Tom qab cog, irrigate tam sim ntawd nrog ib tug meej watering, los yog siv furrow irrigation.
Tom qab ntawd, tswj dej thiab cia cov yub kom nyob twj ywm. Thaum thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob lawm, pib watering, thov 13-15 m³ dej ib evkawj txhua zaus.
Thaum lub sij hawm pib fruiting, dej txhua txhua 6-10 hnub.
Thaum lub sij hawm fruiting lub sij hawm, dej txhua txhua 3-5 hnub.
Rau lub tsev cog khoom (lub tsev yas) cucumbers, tag nrho cov dej siv rau tag nrho kev loj hlob voj voog (4-6 lub hlis) yog 180-220 m³ ib acre.
⒊ Kua txob
Tom qab cog, irrigate tam sim ntawd nrog ib tug meej watering, los yog siv furrow irrigation.
Hloov mus rau drip irrigation tom qab seedling daws teeb meem. Thaum lub sij hawm yub yub, 1-2 zaug, siv 10-12 m³ dej ib evkawj txhua zaus.
Tom qab cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ywg dej txhua 7-10 hnub, nrog rau txhua qhov dej siv 8-10 m³ ib evkawj.
⒋ Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo
Tom qab cog, irrigate tam sim ntawd nrog ib tug meej watering, feem ntau thov 20-25 m³ ib evkawj siv drip irrigation.
Thaum lub sij hawm yub theem, irrigate txhua 7-10 hnub, nrog rau txhua irrigation siv 5-8 m³ ib evkawj.
Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntxiv vine, irrigate txhua 7-10 hnub, nrog rau txhua irrigation siv 8-10 m³ ib evkawj.
Thaum lub sij hawm cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, irrigate txhua 6-8 hnub, nrog rau txhua irrigation siv 8-10 m³ ib evkawj.
⒌ Strawberry
Ua ntej transplanting, furrow irrigation yuav siv tau ib zaug.
Tom qab transplanting thiab mus txog rau thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm, watering txhua 5-7 hnub, nrog rau txhua txhua irrigation siv 8-10 m³ ib evkawj.
Los ntawm flowering mus rau fruit expansion, irrigate txhua 5-7 hnub, nrog rau txhua txhua irrigation siv 5-8 m³ ib evkawj.
Thaum lub sij hawm sau qoob, irrigate txhua 6-8 hnub, nrog rau txhua irrigation siv 6-8 m³ ib evkawj.
Tom qab sau qoob, txo cov ntawv thov dej kom tsim nyog.
Tom qab cog, irrigate tam sim ntawd nrog ib tug meej watering, feem ntau thov ntau tshaj 8 teev ntawm drip irrigation.
Thaum lub sij hawm yub theem, irrigate 1-2 zaug, nrog rau txhua irrigation siv 8-10 m³ ib evkawj.
Thaum lub sij hawm budding, irrigate txhua 8-10 hnub, nrog rau txhua irrigation siv 10-12 m³ ib evkawj.
Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, irrigate txhua 8-10 hnub, nrog rau txhua irrigation siv 8-10 m³ ib evkawj.
Txoj Cai 1: Master Concentration
⒈ Kev nkag siab txog kev xav
Fertilizer concentration yog ntau npaum li cas chiv koj yaj hauv dej. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv fertigation. Cov kws tshaj lij ntsuas qhov no siv hluav taws xob conductivity, lossis EC. EC qhia koj txog tag nrho cov ntsev yaj hauv koj cov dej. Xav txog nws raws li kev ntsuas meej ntawm koj qhov kev daws teeb meem lub zog.
⒉ Cov Qib Zoo Tshaj EC
Tsis muaj tus lej EC khawv koob uas ua haujlwm rau txhua yam. Nws hloov raws li qhov koj loj hlob, loj npaum li cas koj cov nroj tsuag, thiab tej yam kev mob xws li lub teeb thiab kub.
Peb siv cov phiaj xwm EC raws li peb cov lus qhia.
|
Zaub |
Seedling Theem (EC) |
Vegetative Theem (EC) |
Fruiting theem (EC) |
|
Txiv lws suav |
1.8 - 2.2 |
2.2 - 2.5 |
2.5 - 3.5 |
|
Txiv lws suav |
1.5 - 2.0 |
2.0 - 2.4 |
2.2 - 2.8 |
|
Kua txob |
1.6 - 2.0 |
2.0 - 2.5 |
2.4 - 3.0 |
Cov lej no yog qhov koj xav tau los ntawm koj cov drip emitters.
⒊Saib xyuas thiab kho
Koj xav tau ib tug zoo handheld EC meter.
Ua ntej, xyuas EC ntawm koj qhov chaw dej. Nov yog koj qhov chaw pib. Txhua yam chiv koj ntxiv yuav tsa EC los ntawm no.
Thib ob, sib tov koj cov chiv ua kom muaj zog raws li daim ntawv qhia cov lus qhia.
Thib peb, tom qab txhaj cov chiv rau hauv koj cov dej hauv dej, ntsuas EC ntawm lub drip emitter.
Thaum kawg, hloov kho.
Tsawg dhau: Ua kom tus nqi txhaj tshuaj.
Siab dhau: Ntxiv dej tshiab los yog txo tus nqi txhaj tshuaj kom txog thaum koj ntaus koj lub hom phiaj.
Txoj Cai 2: Xam Xaj kom raug
⒈ Concentration vs. Dosage
Concentration (EC) qhia tau hais tias muaj zog npaum li cas koj cov khoom noj muaj zog tam sim no. Dosage yog tag nrho ntawm cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb (xws li nitrogen) koj cov nroj tsuag tau dhau sijhawm.
⒉ Xam cov khoom noj khoom haus
Dosage nyob ntawm seb koj cov qoob loo xav tau dab tsi. Peb tsom tsuas yog Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), thiab Potassium (K).
Piv txwv li, kom loj hlob 1 kg ntawm txiv lws suav, cov nroj tsuag feem ntau xav tau txog 2.5-3.0g ntawm Nitrogen, 0.8-1.2g ntawm Phosphorus, thiab 3.5-4.0g ntawm Potassium.
Koj siv cov ntaub ntawv no los xyuas seb yuav siv cov chiv ntau npaum li cas. Yog tias koj siv 20-20-20 chiv, txhais tau tias 20% yog N, 20% yog P2O5, thiab 20% yog K2O. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, koj tuaj yeem xam raws nraim pes tsawg cov chiv xa koj cov as-ham.
⒊ Kho kom loj hlob
Nroj tsuag hloov lawv txoj kev noj mov thaum lawv loj hlob. Koj lub sijhawm pub mis yuav tsum hloov thiab.
• Kev Loj Hlob Thaum Ntxov ( Seedling / Vegetative): Nroj tsuag xav tau Nitrogen los tsim nplooj thiab stems.
• Paj thiab Fruiting: Tam sim no lawv xav tau phosphorus ntau dua rau lub zog thiab paj kev loj hlob, ntxiv rau ntau ntxiv Potassium rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob thiab zoo.
Koj qhov kev xaiv chiv yuav tsum hloov ntawm nitrogen- hnyav rau potassium- tsom rau cov nroj tsuag paub tab.
Txoj Cai 3 & 4: Optimize zaus thiab sij hawm
⒈ Fertigation Frequency
Koj pub ntau npaum li cas tseem ceeb npaum li koj pub ntau npaum li cas. Koj xav tau cov dej tsis tu ncua thiab cov as-ham nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus cheeb tsam. Ob peb yam txiav txim siab zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshaj tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb. Soilless sib tov zoo li coco coir los yog rockwool tuav dej tsawg dua av. Lawv xav tau kev noj zaub mov ntau dua, luv dua.
Nroj loj loj tseem ceeb heev. Ib tug loj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo - loaded txiv lws suav cog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov haus ntau heev thiab xav tau ntau zaus irrigation dua ib tug me me yub.
Rau feem ntau tsev cog zaub zaub hauv av tsis muaj xov xwm, lub teeb thiab nquag fertigation ua haujlwm zoo tshaj.
⒉ Hnub zoo tshaj plaws
Txoj cai lub sij hawm yog ncaj nraim: noj thaum sawv ntxov. Qhov no muab cov nroj tsuag dej thiab cov as-ham thaum lawv ua haujlwm tshaj plaws thaum nruab hnub. Hauv paus cheeb tsam ces muaj sij hawm kom qhuav me ntsis ua ntej hmo ntuj.
Tsis txhob ua hnyav yav tsaus ntuj lossis hmo ntuj fertigation. Cov hauv paus cag dej thaum hmo ntuj tsim kom tsawg - cov pa oxygen thiab caw cov kab mob fungal xws li Pythium thiab Phytophthora cag rot.
⒊ Nyeem Koj Cov Nroj Tsuag
Koj cov nroj tsuag tas li qhia koj tias lawv xav tau dab tsi. Kev kawm lawv cov teeb pom kev pom yuav pab koj zoo - kho dua li cov lus qhia dav dav.
Nitrogen tsis muaj peev xwm qhia tau tias muaj xim daj ntawm cov laus, cov nplooj qis ua ntej. Cov nroj tsuag txav nitrogen los ntawm kev loj hlob qub los txhawb kev loj hlob tshiab.
Potassium deficiency kuj hits cov nplooj laus tab sis zoo li yellowing raws nplooj nplooj thiab cov lus qhia.
Khoom noj khoom haus hlawv los ntawm ib yam nkaus thiab - siab concentration qhia tau hais tias xim av, crispy nplooj nplooj thiab cov npoo. Qhov no txhais tau tias xyuas koj EC tam sim ntawd thiab yaug nrog dej dawb yog tias xav tau.
Saib xyuas cov cim no. Lawv qhia koj thaum twg los kho koj qhov concentration, ntau npaum li cas, thiab zaus.
Txoj Cai 5: Tsis txhob sib xyaw ua yuam kev
⒈ Chemistry ntawm Clogging
Sib tov cov chiv tsis sib xws yog qhov yuam kev kim hauv tsev cog zaub fertilization. Qhov teeb meem yog chemistry yooj yim. Thaum qee cov chiv sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov kev daws teeb meem, lawv hnov mob thiab tsim cov khib nyiab uas yuav tsis yaj.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv phem tshaj plaws tshwm sim ntawm calcium-raws li chiv (xws li Calcium Nitrate) thiab phosphate los yog sulfate chiv (xws li Monopotassium Phosphate los yog Magnesium Sulfate). Lawv tsim gypsum los yog calcium phosphate - yeej pob zeb formations hauv koj lub cev.
⒉ Ob -Tank System
Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog ob lub tank, lossis A / B tank, cov txheej txheem rau cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb.
Qhov no ua rau cov chiv tsis sib xws hauv lub cev sib cais. Ob txoj kev daws tsuas yog sib xyaw hauv cov kab dej loj, qhov uas lawv tau diluted txaus kom nyob twj ywm yaj. Ua raws li qhov system no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim khu kev qha drip irrigation rau zaub.
|
Tank A (Lub Tank "Calcium") |
Tank B (Lub Tank "Phosphate / Sulfate") |
|
YUAV UA LI CAS RAU NO: |
YUAV UA LI CAS RAU NO: |
|
• Calcium Nitrate |
• Monopotassium Phosphate (MKP) |
|
• Potassium Nitrate |
• Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom ntsev) |
|
• Chelated Iron (EDTA, EDDHA) |
• Potassium Sulfate |
|
TSIS TXHOB sib xyaw nrog TANK B:Calcium reacts nrog phosphates thiab sulfates. |
TSIS TXHOB sib xyaw nrog TANK A:Phosphates thiab sulfates teb nrog calcium. |
⒊ Troubleshooting Clogs
Txawm tias muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke, cov pob zeb hauv av tau tshwm sim dhau sijhawm. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb nrog cov dej tawv. Yog hais tias emitters pib clogging, tej zaum koj yuav tau yaug lub system. Ib tug dilute acid kua dissolves mineral deposits.
Ib txwm hnav hnab looj tes thiab tsom iav. Ua tib zoo ntxiv cov kua qaub uas tsim nyog, xws li phosphoric lossis nitric acid, kom txo koj cov dej pH rau 4.0-4.5. Ua li no los ntawm tag nrho cov system rau 30-60 feeb, ces yaug kom huv si nrog dej tshiab. Qhov no dissolves scale thiab clears cov kab.
Xaus
Kev vam meej nrog drip irrigation fertilization yog hais txog kev siv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.Master cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no - concentration, ntau npaum li cas, zaus, sij hawm, thiab kev sib xyaw cov cai - thiab koj yuav muaj kev tswj xyuas tag nrho koj cov qoob loo cov khoom noj.
Nov yog tsib txoj cai ua cov kauj ruam ua tau zoo rau koj txoj haujlwm:
• Saib xyuas koj qhov concentration nrog EC meter.
• Xam koj qhov ntau npaum li cas raws li cov qoob loo xav tau thiab theem kev loj hlob.
• Tsim kom muaj ib lub sij hawm sib xws thiab fertigation.
• Saib xyuas koj cov nroj tsuag txhua hnub - lawv yuav qhia koj tias lawv xav tau dab tsi.
• Ib txwm siv lub tshuab A/B tank los tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw tseem ceeb.
Ua raws li tsib txoj cai no thiab koj yuav tsim kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv zoo, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau koj lub tsev cog khoom drip irrigation. Qhov tshwm sim? Cov nroj tsuag noj qab haus huv thiab ntau cov qoob loo uas koj ua haujlwm hnyav heev kom ua tiav.