Hauv ntau thaj chaw qhuav thiab ib nrab- arid, nrog rau thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb ntug dej hiav txwv, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb raug yuam kom tso siab rau siab - salinity lossis tsis zoo - cov dej zoo rau kev siv dej. Drip irrigation ua ke nrog fertigation tseem yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tswj dej thiab kev noj haus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kua ntsev ntau ntau, cov khoom raug tshem tawm, thiab cov kab mob microbial tuaj yeem ua rau emitter blockage sai, dej tsis sib npaug, thiab ua kom lub cev muaj zog yog tias tsis tswj kom zoo.
Kab lus no nthuav tawm cov tswv yim, cov txheej txheem - theem kev daws teeb meem pab kom ruaj khov, ntev - kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej ntws hauv cov dej uas nyuaj.
Cov Lus Qhia
(Ⅱ) Cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov qauv tsim rau Corrosion-Resistant Drip Irrigation
(Ⅲ) Fertigation Practices uas tiv thaiv nag lossis daus thiab emitter clogging
(Ⅳ) Txoj kev kho dej: acidification, sedimentation, thiab tswj microbial
(Ⅴ) Yuav Ua Li Cas Tswj Kev Ua Ntsig Hauv Cov Dej Dej Dej thiab Cov Hauv Paus Dej
(I) Drip Irrigation System xaiv thiab kho dua tshiab
⒈ Siab-pab cov drippers yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv-siphon, tus kheej-flushing zog, thiab ib tug dav khiav txoj kev tsim los xyuas kom meej txo impurity deposition thiab muaj zog diaphragm tsis kam rau ntsev corrosion.
⒉ Lub dripper flow rate yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj nyob rau hauv 2.0-2.4 L / h kom tsis txhob ntsev tsub zuj zuj los ntawm cov dej ntau dhau los yog crystallization vim tsis txaus txaus, thaum sib piv cov liaj teb thaj tsam irrigation loj thiab cov qoob loo xav tau dej.
⒊ Cov kav dej kav dej yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv corrosion- tiv taus. Cov kav dej loj thiab sab nraud yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm PE, thiab cov khoom sib txuas yuav tsum tau txais cov khoom xau- pov thawj tsim los tiv thaiv siab - cov dej qab ntsev los ntawm kev ua rau lub cev tsis zoo, ua rau cov dej tsis huv, thiab ua rau cov dripper diaphragms puas.
⒋ Peb -theem filtration system ("centrifugal filter + sand media filter + disc filter") yuav tsum tau nruab. Lub centrifugal lim tshem tawm cov khoom loj loj, cov xuab zeb lim lim cuam tshuam cov impurities ntab, thiab cov disc lim ntes cov khoom zoo (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 100 μm).
⒌ Flush li qub yuav tsum tau muab ntsia rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txhua qhov chaw dej, thiab cov chaw tso dej tawm yuav tsum tau teeb tsa txhua 50 metres ntawm cov kav dej loj thiab sab nraud kom pab txhawb cov dej ntws tawm thiab txo cov khoom seem.
(II) Drip Irrigation System Operation & Maintenance
⒈ Ua ntej txhua qhov dej, cov lim dej yuav tsum tau muab yaug li 5-10 feeb kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab. Tom qab kev ywg dej, tag nrho cov kav dej yuav tsum tau muab yaug li 15-20 feeb kom tso cov seem uas nyob hauv siab - dej qab ntsev.
⒉ Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov drippers txhua lub lim tiam. Ntsuas cov nqi ntws tiag tiag, thiab yog tias lawv poob qis dua 75% ntawm qhov ntsuas ntws, ua kom siab - lub zog ntws los yog tshuaj ntxuav ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd.
⒊ Cov lim yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab tshuaj xyuas txhua hli. Kev laus lossis cov lim dej puas yuav tsum tau hloov tam sim ntawd los tiv thaiv impurities los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov drippers thiab ua rau cov diaphragm hnav lossis txhaws.
⒋ Thaum siv cov dej siab - dej qab ntsev, txais yuav ib qho kev siv dej sib txuas: txhua lub voj voog dej yuav tsum kav 30-60 feeb, nrog rau 2-3 teev ua ntej lub voj voog tom ntej kom txo qis ntsev thiab crystallization.
⒌ Peb lub hlis twg yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas cov dripper diaphragms. Yog hais tias hardening, deformation, los yog to yog pom, drippers yuav tsum tau hloov tam sim ntawd kom tswj tau dej uniformity.
⒍ Lub kaw lus siab yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsis tu ncua ntawm 0.15–0.25 MPa thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dhau uas yuav ua rau cov diaphragms puas thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo txhaws.
(III) Fertigation Operation thiab Compatibility
⒈ Siv dej tag nrho - cov chiv chiv. Nyiam ammonium nitrate thiab poov tshuaj nitrate, zam cov chiv uas muaj phosphorus lossis sulfur los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam nrog calcium thiab magnesium ions nyob rau hauv siab - dej salinity uas tsim insoluble precipitates.
⒉ Dissolved chiv yuav tsum tau lim los ntawm ib tug 80-mesh screen ua ntej nkag mus rau lub fertigation system. Undissolved hais yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau hauv lub raj xa dej kom tsis txhob muaj clogging thiab diaphragm hnav.
⒊ Tswj cov chiv concentration thaum sib tov. Tus nqi EC yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 2.5 mS/cm kom tsis txhob muaj ntsev ntau dhau uas ua rau kom crystallization, clogging, thiab diaphragm aging.
⒋ Tom qab fertigation, yaug lub fertigation pipelines thiab drip system nrog dej huv rau yam tsawg 30 feeb kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov residual chiv thiab tiv thaiv crystallization deposits.
⒌ Tsis txhob sib tov phosphate chiv, poov tshuaj sulfate, thiab micronutrient chiv nyob rau hauv drip irrigation kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj uas tsim precipitates, clog drippers, thiab corrode diaphragms.
⒍ Thaum siv cov organic microbial chiv, xyuas kom zoo fermentation ua ntej. Kev ywg dej yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 60 feeb los tiv thaiv cov kab mob microbial los ntawm kev tsim cov biofilms uas txhaws cov drippers.
(IV) Pretreatment High-Salinity / Poor-Cov dej zoo
⒈ High- dej qab ntsev yuav tsum tau acidification los kho pH mus rau 5.5-6.5, suppressing calcium carbonate thiab magnesium carbonate crystallization, txo cov tshuaj clogging, thiab slowing diaphragm aging.
⒉ Thaum calcium ion concentration ntau tshaj 200 mg/L, chelating agents yuav tsum tau ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm pretreatment los tiv thaiv los nag los nrog lwm cov ions.
⒊ Rau cov dej uas muaj cov ntsiab lus microbial siab, ntxiv cov tshuaj hypochlorous acid (0.5–1.0 mg / L) thaum lub sij hawm pretreatment kom inhibit microbial kev loj hlob thiab txo cov biofilm tsim.
⒋ Thaum tshem tawm cov khib nyiab siab, lub tank sedimentation yuav tsum tau nruab ua ntej lub tshuab lim. Dej yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tshaj 24 teev kom tshem tawm cov khoom loj feem ntau ua ntej pom.
⒈ Muab drip irrigation nrog leaching ib ntus. Ua leaching irrigation txhua 15-20 hnub, siv 1.2-1.5 npaug ntawm cov dej ntim ib txwm los txo cov ntsev tsub zuj zuj hauv cov hauv paus hniav thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm clogging.
⒉ Thaum lub sij hawm siab - kub (Lub Xya Hli Ntuj - Lub Yim Hli), siv cov shading los yog mulching kom txo tau cov qoob loo transpiration thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob nto ntsev los ntawm re- nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab ua rau cov dripper diaphragms puas.
⒊ Tsis tu ncua tshem cov nroj tsuag thiab cov khib nyiab ib ncig ntawm cov kab drips kom tsis txhob muaj cov hauv paus nkag mus rau hauv cov drippers thiab tsis txhob decomposition residues nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej thiab ua rau muaj kev thaiv.
⒋ Tsim ib daim ntawv teev kev khiav dej num rau lub drip irrigation system, sau cov sij hawm tso dej, dej zoo, lim dej, thiab kev soj ntsuam cov dripper los pab daws teeb meem thiab txhim kho kev tswj xyuas.