Ⅰ. Taw qhia
Daim kab xev drip irrigation tam sim no yog hloov li cas peb cov qoob loo thiab pub cov nroj tsuag hauv kev ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub no. Qhov no technology tso precision ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv ncav cuag ntawm txhua tus grower.
Cov lus qhia no mus dhau qhov kev xav tau yooj yim. Peb mam li qhia koj raws nraim uas cov qoob loo ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nrog drip daim kab xev. Koj yuav kawm thaum twg siv nws thiab yuav ua li cas tswj nws kom tau nyiaj ntau tshaj.
Ⅱ. Lub Foundation: Nkag siab Daim Kab Xev
Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb ntse paub lawv cov cuab yeej sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Kev nkag siab drip daim kab xev tiv thaiv kev ua yuam kev kim. Nws pab koj xaiv qhov system zoo rau koj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
⒈ Drip Tape yog dab tsi?
Drip irrigation daim kab xev yog nyias, saj zawg zog tubing tsim rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Cov qhov me me los yog slits yog tsim rau hauv daim kab xev ntawm qhov sib nrug tsis tu ncua. Dej ntws los ntawm cov emitters maj mam thiab tsis tu ncua. Nws mus ncaj qha mus rau hauv av los yog mus rau hauv paus cheeb tsam. Cov phab ntsa nyias ua kom zoo rau kev siv raws caij nyoog. Qhov no ua rau cov nqi qis rau cov qoob loo txhua xyoo.
⒉ Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv
Txhua qhov dej ntws muaj kev lag luam -offs. Tus nqi, durability, thiab qoob loo haum txhua yam teeb meem. Drip daim kab xev, hnyav- phab ntsa drip kab, thiab sprinklers txhua tus muaj lawv qhov chaw. Nov yog qhov lawv piv.
Feature | Daim kab xev | Drip Kab (Havy-Walled) | Overhead Sprinklers |
Tus nqi pib | Tsawg | Nruab nrab mus rau siab | Nruab nrab |
Lub neej ntev | 1-5 lub caij | 10+ xyoo | 15+ xyoo |
Kev ua dej num | Siab heev (90-95%) | Siab (90%) | Tsawg rau nruab nrab (60-80%) |
Ideal Application | Cov qoob loo txhua xyoo, zaub, siv raws caij nyoog. | Perennial orchards, vineyards, long -ntev toj roob hauv pes. | Field germination, Frost tiv thaiv, turf. |
Vulnerability | Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab txhaws. | Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm clogging, ruaj ruaj. | Tsawg kev pheej hmoo ntawm clogging, siab evaporation poob. |
Ⅲ. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Cov Qoob Loo Compatibility
Ntau tus neeg cog qoob loo nug: "Yuav ua li cas drip daim kab xev ua haujlwm rau kuv cov qoob loo?" Lo lus teb yog yog rau feem ntau cov xwm txheej. Los ntawm cov khoom lag luam loj rau cov tsev cog khoom tshwj xeeb, drip daim kab xev muab cov txiaj ntsig. Ntawm no yog ib tug ceev txheej txheem cej luam, ua raws li cov lus qhia ntxaws rau txhua hom qoob loo.
Teb qoob loo | Paj Rwb, Pob Kws, Qab Zib |
Zaub | Txiv lws suav, kua txob, dib |
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo/Vines | Grapes, Young Apple Trees |
Tshwj xeeb / Paj | Tshuaj ntsuab, Roses, tshuaj yej, Strawberries |
Nurseries | Seedbeds, Young Transplants |
⒈ Kab thiab teb cov qoob loo
Drip daim kab xev muab cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev loj - kab qoob qoob loo. Kab cov qoob loo xws li pob kws thiab paj rwb feem ntau tau txais ib qho "ntev ncaj ridge" layout, qhov twg cov drip daim kab xev tuaj yeem muab tso ncaj qha rau ntawm txoj kab (ntawm qhov chaw lossis hauv qab zaj duab xis). Nws qhov yooj yim txhawb nqa nkhaus, thiab txhua daim kab xev tuaj yeem npog txog 80-85 meters, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev xav tau ntev. Qhov sib nrug nruab nrab ntawm cov drip tapes kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li cov qoob loo kab sib nrug (xws li, 30-80 cm).
Hauv Inner Mongolia cov qos yaj ywm hauv paus, feem ntau siv cov qauv kev cog qoob loo siab ({0}} ridges yog 90 cm dav hauv qab, 35 cm saum toj, thiab 30 cm siab). Cov qauv no muaj ob lub ntsiab zoo: ua ntej, cov av ntawm lub ridges yog xoob, uas txhawb kev loj hlob hauv paus thiab tuber o, txo deformities los ntawm cov av compaction; Thib ob, qhov saum npoo ntawm qhov tsaj txhim kho cov kua dej, tiv thaiv tuber rot los ntawm waterlogging.
Thaum drip daim kab xev muab tso rau hauv cov ridges, nws muab cov dej ntshiab, tswj cov av noo ntawm qhov zoo ntawm 60% -80% rau tuber txoj kev loj hlob, yog li tiv thaiv cov teeb meem xws li "cov qos yaj ywm hollow" los ntawm drought los yog kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm noo noo ntau dhau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej ntws qis qis, nrog tus nqi ntws ntawm 1.1 L / h lossis qis dua, txo cov dej ntws thiab evaporation.
Lub tshuab "Micro-Ridge Mulching Side-Planting + Drip Irrigation" thev naus laus zis tau ua tiav qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev cog qoob loo: kev siv dej siv tau nce li 30%, nitrogen chiv efficiency txhim kho los ntawm 15% -27%, thiab tawm los ntawm 10% -30%. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo cov kab mob yog qhov txo cov av noo uas tau muab los ntawm kev npog zaj duab xis, thaum drip irrigation tiv thaiv dej tuav.
⒉ Zaub ntau lawm
Drip daim kab xev yog tus qauv kub rau kev cog qoob loo. Ob lub teb thiab tsev cog khoom ua haujlwm cia siab rau nws. Txiv lws suav, kua txob, dib, squash, thiab melons tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev.
Kev cog qoob loo feem ntau ua ke nrog mulching, nrog drip daim kab xev ncaj nraim rau hauv qab zaj duab xis. Ntawm qhov tod tes, zaj duab xis zoo tiv thaiv cov av noo noo evaporation, nce kev siv dej ntawm cov dej ntws mus rau 95%, uas txuag ntau tshaj 50% piv rau dej nyab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov qis- av noo ib puag ncig hauv qab zaj duab xis pab txo qis kev sib kis ntawm "siab-cov kab mob av" xws li lig blight nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav thiab downy mildew nyob rau hauv dib.
Txawm hais tias cov tsev cog khoom suav hais tias yog "tswj ib puag ncig," qhov kub thiab lub teeb tseem cuam tshuam rau cov qoob loo cov dej. Ua ib qho piv txwv ntawm greenhouse dib cultivation:
● Lub sijhawm kub kub thiab lub teeb muaj zog (xws li ib nrab hnub nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov lossis kev cog qoob loo ntxiv): Cucumbers muaj cov kab mob siab thiab kev siv dej sai. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev cog khoom nyob rau sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj, thaum lub caij ntuj sov lub caij ntuj sov lub Xya hli ntuj thiab Lub yim hli ntuj, tag nrho cov irrigation txhua hnub rau cucumbers thaum lub sij hawm fruiting lub sij hawm mus txog 90-120 feeb, feem ntau muab faib ua ob zaug kom tswj cov hauv paus cheeb tsam noo noo thiab zam dej evaporation los ntawm concentrated midday irrigation.
● Tsis tshua muaj kub thiab tsis muaj zog lub sij hawm (xws li lub caij ntuj no los yog overcast hnub): Transpiration tsis muaj zog, thiab dej xav tau txo. Lub sijhawm dej tuaj yeem ua kom luv rau 50-60 feeb, lossis txo qis rau txhua hnub. Hauv Harbin lub caij ntuj no tsev cog khoom, txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis mus txog Lub Ob Hlis, kev ywg dej ntawm dib tsuas yog 60 feeb xwb, thiab tsuas yog ua thaum kub siab dua thaum nruab hnub.
⒊ Orchards thiab Vineyards
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo laus feem ntau siv cov kab drip tas mus li. Tab sis drip daim kab xev excels rau cog tshiab. Nws yog tus nqi siab heev - siv tau rau kev tsim cov ntoo me thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Kev cog qoob loo tshiab tshiab (xws li cov tub ntxhais hluas txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv ntoo txiv ntoo) feem ntau siv 3-5 xyoos kom ncav cuag cov khoom tiav. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, "1-2 lub caij nyoog ntawm kev lag luam drip daim kab xev" tuaj yeem siv rau kev cog ntoo thiab kev sib tshuam. Nws kuj tseem pab txo qis cov av noo hauv vaj tsev, tiv thaiv cov kab mob nplooj, thiab zam cov av noo uas tuaj yeem ua rau salinization, ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntoo hluas uas nkag siab txog ntsev.
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb Victoria hauv Australia pom zoo kom siv daim kab xev drip thaum thawj 3 xyoos ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev tshiab. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, daim kab xev drip yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ze ntawm cov ntoo hluas; nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thib ob, txoj hauj lwm ntawm daim kab xev yuav tsum tau kho; thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoos, ib kab thib ob ntawm drip daim kab xev yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Tom qab cov ntoo loj tuaj (txij li 4 xyoos mus txog), cov ntaub nplaum yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov kav dej tas mus li. Txoj hauv kev no tuaj yeem txo qis kev nqis peev los ntawm 30% -40% thiab nce kev ciaj sia ntawm cov ntoo hluas mus rau ntau dua 95%.
Rau cov laus deciduous orchards (xws li txiv apples thiab pear orchards), cov drip tubing mus tas li yog nyiam. Cov drip tubing tas mus li tsim ib qho kev nruam, tsis tu ncua ntub dej, txhawb kev loj hlob hauv paus tob thiab txhim kho tsob ntoo vigor. Thaum siv ua ke nrog cov dej sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov txheej txheem chiv, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav cov chiv siv ntau dua 90%.
⒋ High-Cov qoob loo tshwj xeeb muaj nqis
Tshwj xeeb qoob loo profits nyob ntawm qhov zoo. Qhov zoo nyob ntawm kev tswj. Drip daim kab xev muab cov precision cov qoob loo xav tau.
Hauv xyoo 2017, Asmeskas cov qoob loo tshwj xeeb tau nyob tsuas yog 3% ntawm thaj av arable tab sis pab txhawb 33.4% ntawm kev muag khoom ua liaj ua teb (kwv yees li $ 64.7 billion). Tus nqi ntawm ib cheeb tsam yog 5-8 npaug ntawm cov qoob loo ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv no "thaj chaw me me, siab tso zis" qauv, txhua yam teeb meem zoo tuaj yeem ua rau poob loj. Drip daim kab xev, ua ke nrog fertigation technology, xa cov dej-soluble chiv precisely rau cov hauv paus hniav raws li cov qoob loo xav tau:
Thaum lub sij hawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nthuav cov txiv pos nphuab, drip irrigation muab siab -poov tshuaj chiv (xws li 30% K₂O), uas tuaj yeem nce cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib los ntawm 1-2 units thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm 8% -10%;
Thaum lub sij hawm lub hauv paus expansion theem ntawm tshuaj Astragalus, drip irrigation tshuaj phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj chiv, ua rau hauv paus txoj kab uas hla los ntawm 10% -15% thiab ua kom cov active ingredient (astragaloside) cov ntsiab lus los ntawm ntau tshaj 12%;
Thaum lub sij hawm yug me nyuam ntawm kev txiav paj lisianthus, drip irrigation tswj cov nitrogen -potassium ratio (N:K=1}: 3), uas tuaj yeem nce paj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5-6 cm mus rau 7-8 cm thiab qia ntev los ntawm 10% -15%.
⒌ Nurseries thiab Seedbeds
Maj mam, tsis tu ncua noo noo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau germination thiab seedling kev loj hlob. Drip daim kab xev siv dej maj mam thiab softly. Loj hlob xov xwm nyob twj ywm tusyees moist yam tsis ua waterlogged. Qhov no tsim cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob hauv paus muaj zog hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas hloov pauv thiab ntsaws.
Drip Daim kab xev vs Sprinkler Irrigation
⑴ Water Flow Pattern
Drip Daim kab xev: Drip, qeeb nkag
Sprinkler Irrigation: Siab -paj txau
Kev ywg dej kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev, tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob thiab cov nroj tsuag chaw; Sprinklers tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov noob thiab ua rau cov noob stems / nplooj.
⑵ Nruab nrab Moisture Distribution
Drip Daim kab xev: Loj- thaj tsam ntub dej, ua rau cov dej nkag los yog qhov dej tob tob
Sprinkler Irrigation: Loj- thaj tsam ntub dej, ua rau cov dej nkag los yog nqus dej tob
drip irrigation tswj qhov tsis muaj -saturated nruab nrab, txhawb cov noob germination thiab cag ua pa; Cov tshuaj txau tuaj yeem ua rau dhau- ntub dej (dej logging ua rau cov hauv paus rot) lossis dryness (hindering noob germination).
⑶ Irrigation Uniformity
Drip Daim kab xev: Tsau emitter qhov sib nrug, tswj qhov chaw ntub dej
Sprinkler Irrigation: cuam tshuam los ntawm cua thiab struts, tsis sib xws
Drip irrigation xyuas kom meej noo noo rau tag nrho cov noob / yub, ua rau kev loj hlob; Kev ywg dej ntawm cov dej yuav ua rau muaj dej tsis txaus hauv qee qhov chaw, lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yub, ua rau kev loj hlob tsis sib xws.
patented tsim ntawm capillary phenomenon drip irrigation technology ntxiv optimizes substrate noo noo tswj. Los ntawm kev siv "qhov tsis tu ncua- qhov siab dej tank + cov khoom siv capillary," nws ua tiav cov dej tsis sib xws, nrog cov nqi ntws hloov tau los ntawm 0.5 mus rau 2 tee ib ob. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov nruab nrab loj hlob (xws li av tsis muaj peat lossis txiv maj phaub coir) tseem nyob hauv "zoo tagnrho moist tab sis tsis clumped" lub xeev, zoo tiv thaiv substrate compaction thiab hauv paus rot los ntawm waterlogging.
Ⅳ. Xaus: Lub neej yav tom ntej ua tau zoo dua
Drip irrigation daim kab xev yog ntau tshaj li yas tubing. Nws yog ib tug haib cuab tam rau modernizing ua liaj ua teb. Peb tau pom nws versatility nyob rau suav tsis txheeb qoob loo. Los ntawm teb zaub thiab kab qoob loo mus rau siab - paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, peb tau piav qhia txog nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej ntws, uas tau tsav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua, thiab thaj chaw noj qab haus huv.
Thaum nrhiav kev xaiv Hoobkas, cov khoom pov thawj yog cov kev xaiv zoo. Rau cov kev daws teeb meem, cov kev xaiv zoo li cov ntaub nplaum los ntawmTuam Tshoj Drip Daim kab xev Manufacturers Tuam Tshoj Hoobkas SINOAHmuab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog rau ntau hom kev siv cov kab xev sib txawv uas tau tham hauv phau ntawv qhia no.